3.2A Global Internet Users and Non-Users
Class Outline:
General
Users - Ultimate stakeholder.
Global Internet users: 100 million in 2002, 1 billion in 2006, 2 billion in 2011, 3 billion in 2015, and 5~7 billion in 2020s.
Users
How to represent the current Internet users in the internet governance?
Implicit Users
Messaging, Payment (m-pesa, alipay, traffic,...), Automobile,...
Messaging, Payment (m-pesa, alipay, traffic,...), Automobile,...
Non-users/New users
How to represent new users and non-users in the internet governance?
How to solve devices, (affordable) access, contents,...?
Digital divide
Local culture
Universal access/service
Lecture Pool:
Additional Candidate Lecturers: Kilnam Chon, Anriette Esterhuyser,....
References:
Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, ITU and UNESCO; [State of Broadband 2015], [Planning for Progress: why broadband matters?]
CIS 471, Will low-Earth orbit satellite Internet service providers succeed?, 2017.10.24.
Kilnam Chon, The Other Billion, 2015.12.26.
Kilnam Chon, Asia Internet History, 2012~2016.
Kilnam Chon, Internet access for last billion, 2017.
Digital Inclusion Coalition Guidebook, NDIA, 2018.
Digital Inclusion Coalition Guidebook, NDIA, 2018.
Facebook’s huge drone completes second test flight without crashing, VB, 2017. [Drone Project (Aquila)]
Free Basics: India - Temporary Ban, Eygpt - Shutdown, Debate, 2015~2016. [Face Book advertisements in India, 2015.12; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
IEEE, Connecting the next billion, 2017.
Free Basics: India - Temporary Ban, Eygpt - Shutdown, Debate, 2015~2016. [Face Book advertisements in India, 2015.12; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
IEEE, Connecting the next billion, 2017.
IETF, How do we connect everyone to the Internet?, IETF 101 Plenary, 2018.3.
Google, Google got permission to float its internet-beaming balloons over Puerto Rico, Mashable Asia, 2017.10.
ID2020
Internet Identity Workshop, Computer History Museum, (biannually).
ID2020
Internet Identity Workshop, Computer History Museum, (biannually).
IGF, Internet Universal Affordable Access, IGF, Bali, 2013.
IGF, Internet Governance for the Next Billion Users, IGF, Bali, 2013
IGF, Internet Governance for the Next Billion Users, IGF, Bali, 2013
IGF, Who governs the Internet - How people can have a voice, IGF, Bali, 2013.
IGF, Community Intersessional Program - New Billion, 2016.
IGF, Internet of Things and accessibility for people with disability, WS 145, 2017.12.
ISOC, Internet Governance for Development, in Shaping the Internet, 2015.
Jovan Kurbalija, Alliance for Affordable Internet,, Development Basket, in Introduction to IG, 2015.
Microsoft, Microsoft’s Bid to Connect Rural America: Send Out Internet in between TV Signals (by Jamie Condkuffe), 2017.7.
NDIA, Digital Inclusion Coalition Guidebook, 2018.4.
UN, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015.
WEF, Network Readiness Index.
World Bank, 2016 world development report: digital dividends, 2016.
Facebook with Internet.org on Free Basics, Drone Project
Google with Google.org, Project Loon
Microsoft, Village project witih Digital India,...
Indian Government, Digital India, 2015.
Chinese Government, Internet +
SpaceX, Low (Cost) Orbital Satellite, 2017.
UN-OHRLLS, ICT, LDGs, and the SDGs: achieving universal and affordable internet in the least developed countries, 2018.1.
WEF,Internet for all, White Paper, 2016.4.
IGF Theme: Access, Inclusion and Diversity
Class Outline
Minorities: people with disability, children, senior citizen, low income people, linguistic/ethnic minority, discrimination
Technology
Universal service/access
Class Description (Nirmata Narasimhan)
The Internet and new technologies have opened up avenues of access and participation for persons with disabilities and other groups with limited or hindered access to participate and contribute to socio-economic and cultural life. There are over a billion persons with disabilities in the world, and 85% of them live in developing countries. They constitute the world’s largest minority. This class will look at the opportunities offered by the Internet for inclusion (with examples of assistive technologies), the breadth and number of persons who will be benefited by access to the Internet such as persons with disabilities, and elderly persons who are illiterate or have limited access, and we explain the concept of accessibility in this class.
Class Description (by Muhammad Shabbir)
Introduction: What is Web Accessibility?
Overview of Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Explanation of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)-2.0;
Web Accessibility Barriers;
Common Issues in the Way of Internet Accessibility;
Case for Making Websites Accessible.
Overview of Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
Explanation of Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)-2.0;
Web Accessibility Barriers;
Common Issues in the Way of Internet Accessibility;
Case for Making Websites Accessible.
Class Description (by Gunela Astbrink) - Revised Class Description/2017.2.28
Strategies to get the next billion online need to include what are perceived as minority groups such as:
- People with disability
- Children
- Senior citizens
- People with low income
- Linguistic/ethnic minority
People with disability on average form 15% of a country's population and in some countries, senior citizens form 20% of the population. Children in many countries average about 30% of the population. Together with people on low incomes and from linguistic minorities, there is a large part of society that may be discriminated against leading to less ability to participate in the digital economy.
This class will outline issues for these groups and will then concentrate on Internet governance policy for people with disability and older people who most often have low incomes.
Topics covered will include:
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Marrakech Treaty
W3C's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
NetMundial and other Internet governance mechanisms
Accessibility in ICT public procurement
Disaster risk management and disability
There will be a demonstration by people with disability on how they use the Internet. This will be either in-person demonstrations or through video. This will be followed by discussion on Internet accessibility and its benefits to education and employment and general participation in the community.
- People with disability
- Children
- Senior citizens
- People with low income
- Linguistic/ethnic minority
People with disability on average form 15% of a country's population and in some countries, senior citizens form 20% of the population. Children in many countries average about 30% of the population. Together with people on low incomes and from linguistic minorities, there is a large part of society that may be discriminated against leading to less ability to participate in the digital economy.
This class will outline issues for these groups and will then concentrate on Internet governance policy for people with disability and older people who most often have low incomes.
Topics covered will include:
UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Marrakech Treaty
W3C's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
NetMundial and other Internet governance mechanisms
Accessibility in ICT public procurement
Disaster risk management and disability
There will be a demonstration by people with disability on how they use the Internet. This will be either in-person demonstrations or through video. This will be followed by discussion on Internet accessibility and its benefits to education and employment and general participation in the community.
Lecturer Pool:
Additional Candidate Lecturers: Nirmita Narasimhan, Adrian Roselli, Muhammad Shabbir, Malavika Jayaram, Masafumi Nakane, Gunela Astbrink
References
Accessibility Camp, NYC, 2016.
Atlantic, Alexa is a revelation for the blind, 2018.4.
Austria Government, e-Accessibility.
Austria Government, e-Accessibility.
Australian Government, e-Inclusion
Gunela Astbrink, Internet Accessibility: Internet use by persons with disability, Internet Society, 2012.
Gunela Astbrink, Digital accessibility policy and practice: case studies from Australia and the Pacific, 2014.
Gunela Astbrink, Ability Links: People with disability and ICT, 2015.
Gunela Astrbink, Policies and activities to increase ICT accessiblity in the Asia Pacific region: case studies, 2016.
Google, Google got permission to float its internet-beaming balloons over Puerto Rico, Mashable Asia, 2017.10.
Gunela Astbrink, The role of public procurement in improving accessibility to ICT, 2016.
Gunela Astrbink, Bio, 2017.
ICANN, Cross Community Committee on Accessibility, 2016.11.06
Business Insider, http://www.businessinsider.com/americans-now-spend-more-time-in-apps-than-on-open-web-comscore-2016-9.
IEEE, Connecting the next billion, 2017.
Microsoft, Microsoft’s Bid to Connect Rural America: Send Out Internet in between TV Signals (by Jamie Condkuffe), 2017.7.
Microsoft, AI for accessibility, Build 2018, 2018-2023.
Microsoft, AI for accessibility, Build 2018, 2018-2023.
Martha Craven Mussbaum, Theory of justice advocating the capability approach, Kyoto Prize, 2016.
Nirmita Narasimhan, Bio.
Nirmita Narasimhan, ICT accessibility for persons with disability in Myanmar, 2016.
Nirmita Narasimhan, Making ICT and mobile phones accessible for persons in disability in Nepal, 2012. [ppt]
Nirmita Narasimhan, The moral imperative and business case for accessibility in technology, Factory Daily, 2016.
Nirmita Narasimhan, e-Accessibility policy handbook for persons with disability, G3ict.
Nirmita Narasimhan, Universal service for persons with disability, G3ict.
Nirmita Narasimhan, CIS work in accessibility, 2008-2016, 2016.
Nirmita Narasimhan, ICT Accessibility.
Nirmita Narasimhan, No person left behind, 2017.
Nirmita Narasimhan, Accessibility policy and practice, 2017.
Adrian Roselli, Accessibility, a11y NYC, 2016. [ppt], [video]
Muhammad Shabbir, Internet Accessibility, MEAC-SIG, 2016. [ppt]
Muhammad Shabbir, State and potential of web accessiblity for persons with disability in Pakistan, Internet Society.
Muhammad Shabbir, Bio, 2016.
TED, Chiki Sarkar: How India's smartphone revolution is creating a new generation of readers and writers | TED Talk, 2019.1.
US Government, e-Inclusion.
World Bank, 2016 world development report: digital dividends, 2016.
Elizabeth Woyke, How blockchain can bring financial services to the poor, MIT Technology Reivew, 2017.4.18.
Chinese Government, Internet +, 2016.
Kilnam Chon, The Other Billion, 2015.12.26.
Kilnam Chon, The Other Billion, 2015.12.26.
Kilnam Chon, Asia Internet History, 2012~2016.
Kilnam Chon, Internet access to last billion, 2017.
Facebook with Internet.org on Free Basics, Drone Project
Free Basics: India - Temporary Ban, Eygpt - Shutdown, Debate, 2015~2016. [Face Book advertisements in India, 2015.12; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Facebook with Internet.org on Free Basics, Drone Project
Free Basics: India - Temporary Ban, Eygpt - Shutdown, Debate, 2015~2016. [Face Book advertisements in India, 2015.12; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
IGF, Who governs the Internet - How people can have a voice, IGF, Bali, 2013.
IGF, Community Intersessional Program - New Billion, 2016.
ISOC, Internet Governance for Development, in Shaping the Internet, 2015.
Jovan Kurbalija, Development Basket, in Introduction to IG, 2015.
UN, 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015.
Tiffany Yu, We need to change the way we think and talk about disability, WEF, 2018.1.
